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(RT) — 100 years ago, on March 20, 1916, Ota Benga took a gun and fired a bullet into his own heart, ending the short and tragic life of the “missing link” from Africa.
His treatment at the hands of so-called gentlemen from New York’s Bronx Zoo and the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis, Missouri came in the height of the eugenics movement, forty years after the end of (legal) slavery in America.
We remember our dear brother Ota Benga, An African subjected to the inhumane treatment of "Human Zoos" in the 1900s pic.twitter.com/7u7pc9MChK
— #GTGH (@NeferFej) February 8, 2016
Exactly 100 years ago on March 20, 1916, Ota Benga returned home, but not to his homeland, when he died in… https://t.co/3GfT4JSooK
— Jannette Mugisha (@Nyirabusizori) March 19, 2016
Today, Benga is remembered for his sacrifice in documentaries and on social media networks like Twitter, a martyr for the cause to end racism.
The 32-year old Mbuti man from along the Kasai River in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo stood just four feet, eleven inches tall and had teeth filed to sharp points, which was reportedly a tradition for his tribe.
His early life in the forests of Belgian Congo were violent and his wife and two children were killed by the Force Publique.
Samuel Phillips Verner, an American businessman in Africa tasked with acquiring pygmies for a “cultural evolution” display at the World’s Fair’s Louisiana Purchase Exposition, encountered Benga in 1904.
How Verner came to “acquire” Benga is unclear, with the “pioneering” Presbyterian missionary claiming to have “saved” him from a cannibalistic tribe who had kidnapped him.
¿Y si un día váis al zoo y os encontráis a un congoleño allí expuesto? Eso pasó con Ota Benga. http://t.co/BQvwpgXeRj pic.twitter.com/wx1csM2rbj
— Toda una amalgama (@Todaunaamalgama) February 4, 2015
Using Benga as a recruitment tool who could downplay the rightfully-distrustful attitude about white men, Verner managed to find more natives and brought them all to the US to be part of the exposition’s human displays.
The controversial exhibit showed real humans from a number of “exotic” ethnicities dressed in their native gear on a staged reproduction of their homes.
Ota Benga, Bronx Zoo, 1906. pic.twitter.com/mADk705Zts
— Humans Photography (@humansphoto) March 16, 2016
True story: Ota Benga, the Congo pygmy kidnapped + caged in the Bronx Zoo by @ptnewkirk https://t.co/gQuLfvAfTV pic.twitter.com/fVpihFaVxC
— Mark Elliott (@markmobility) December 22, 2015
Wonder what Saartjie Baartman would think about the descendants of her captors striving to have her 'obscene' body pic.twitter.com/suZZF6rGcR
— zelda (@SagalMahamud) February 16, 2016
He returned to Africa after the fair and married for the second time, but came back to the US when his new wife died of a snakebite.
Verner got him a place to live inside at the American Museum of Natural History in New York where he was “free to roam”until he threw a chair at Florence Guggenheim and was relocated to the Bronx Zoo.
Ota Benga, with his huntin spear once lived at the Museum of Natural History (and forced to wear a duck costume) pic.twitter.com/iJJiQTffpv
— AFRICAN HISTORY (@africanarchives) January 12, 2016
On a dark day in 1906, 40 years after the abolishment of slavery, Benga was billed as the “missing link”, on display in the Bronx Zoo cage alongside a monkey.
Crowds flocked to see the sight which entertained and disgusted in equal measure.
The secretary of the zoo at the time was eugenicist Madison Grant, whose writings on the “dangers” of “inferior” races outbreeding and mixed breeding with Caucasians earned him a letter of thanks from Adolf Hitler.
Despite the zoo claiming Benga was “employed”, he was never paid for his work in which he assisted employees in their duties.
Noting his popularity with visitors and his affection for the monkey enclosure, Benga was encouraged step by step to take up residency with the monkeys.
Trust me, it's so fucked up! read how they dehumanised Ota Benga and drove him to commit suicide in the 1900s. Smh https://t.co/k3ExWv8Pma
— #GTGH (@NeferFej) March 4, 2016
Soon his hammock was in an empty cage and a target was set up for his bow and arrow, ensuring he rarely needed to leave. He was now one of the zoo’s most popular exhibits.
The New York Times wrote, “he is probably enjoying himself as well as he could anywhere in his country, and it is absurd to make moan over the imagined humiliation and degradation he is suffering.”
There was also disgust expressed at Benga’s display, with a reader of The New York Globe writing: “I lived in the south several years, and consequently am not overfond of the negro, but believe him human. I think it a shame that the authorities of this great city should allow such a sight as that witnessed at the Bronx Park — a negro boy on exhibition in a monkey cage.”
Days later, the exhibit came to an end when members of the Colored Baptist Ministers Conference protested what they called “degrading”.
“We think we are worthy of being considered human beings, with souls,” the committee wrote.
Benga was removed from the enclosure, but was now famous for the wrong reasons.
Still “resident” at the zoo, now “free to roam” again, crowds followed the man, jeering and shouting at him.
He then moved to Lynchburg, Virginia, where his teeth were capped and his name changed to Otto Bingo, his American nickname.
He attended school for a short time until he felt his English was sufficient and took up work at a tobacco factory.
Soon he pined for his home in Africa, but a return was not likely due to the outbreak of World War I preventing passenger ship travel.
On March 20, 1916, he removed the caps from his teeth, built a ceremonial fire, and with a stolen gun, shot himself in what was likely a broken heart.
Benga was buried in an unmarked grave in Lynchburg, but his legacy lives on to remind us of man’s potential brutality to man.
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